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Amritsar (; (パンジャーブ語:ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ); (:əmːɾɪt̪səɾ)), historically also known as ''Rāmdāspur'' and colloquially as ''Ambarsar'', is a city in north-western part in India and the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar district in the state of Punjab. According to the 2011 census, the population of Amritsar was 1,132,761. The city is situated northwest of state capital Chandigarh. It is near Pakistan, with the Wagah Border being only away. The nearest city is Lahore, the second largest city in Pakistan, located to the west. Amritsar is home to the Harmandir Sahib (commonly known as the Golden Temple), the spiritual and cultural center for the Sikh religion. This important Sikh shrine attracts more visitors than the Taj Mahal with more than 100,000 visitors on weekdays alone and is the most popular destination for non-resident Indians (NRI) in the whole of India. The city also houses the Akal Takht, the highest seat of earthly authority of the Khalsa, and the committee responsible for the upkeep of Gurdwaras. The main commercial activities of Amritsar include tourism, carpets and fabrics, farm produce, handicrafts, service trades, and light engineering. The city is known for its rich cuisine and culture, and for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919 under British Rule. Amritsar is home to Central Khalsa Orphanage, which was once home to Udham Singh, a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement. Amritsar has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for HRIDAY - Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana scheme of Government of India.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://hridayindia.in/ )〕 ==History== Amritsar is one of the largest cities of the Punjab state in India. The city origin lies in the village of Tung, and was named after the lake founded by the fourth Sikh Guru Ram Das in 1574 on land bought by him for 700 rupees from the owners of the village of Tung.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History, Harmandir Sahib, the Golden Temple, Amritsar )〕 Earlier, Guru Ram Das had begun building Santokhsar Sarovar, near the village of Sultanwind in 1564 (according to one source in 1570). It could not be completed before 1588. In 1574, Guru Ram Das built his residence and moved to this place. At that time, it was known as Guru Da Chakk. (Later, it came to be known as Chakk Ram Das.) Amritsar's central walled city has narrow streets mostly developed in the 17th and 18th century. The city is a peculiar example of an introverted planning system with unique areas called Katras. The Katras are self-styled residential units that provided unique defence system during attacks on the city. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Amritsar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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